Operators :
An operator is a Symbol that performs an operation. An operators acts some variables are called operands to get the desired result. Ex : a+b; Where a,b are operands and + is the operator.
Types of Operator :
1) Arithmetic Operators.
2) Relational Operators.
3) Logical Operators.
4) Assignment Operators.
5). Unary Operators.
6) Conditional Operators.
7) Special Operators.
8) Bitwise Operators.
9) Shift Operators.
Arithmetic Operators: An arithmetic operator performs mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction and multiplication on numerical values (constants and variables). C Program to demonstrate the working of arithmetic operators
#include void main()
{ int a = 9,b = 4, c; c = a+b;
printf("a+b = %d \n",c);
}
Relational Operators: A relational operator checks the relationship between two operands. If the relation is true, it returns 1; if the relation is false, it returns value 0. Operands may be variables, constants or expressions. Relational operators are used in decision making and loops.
Operator Meaning Example Return value
< is less than 2<9 1
< = is less than or equal to 2 < = 2 1
> is greater than 2 > 9 0
> = is greater than or equal to 3 > = 2 1
= = is equal to 2 = = 3 0
!= is not equal to 2!=2 0
Logical Operators :
These operators are used to combine the results of two or more conditions. An expression containing logical operator returns either 0 or 1 depending upon whether expression results true or false. Logical operators are commonly used in decision making in C programming.
Operator Meaning Example Return value
&& Logical AND (9>2)&&(17>2) 1
|| Logical OR (9>2) || (17 = = 7) 1
! Logical NOT 29!=29 0
Assignment Operators :
Assignment operators are used to assign a value (or) an expression (or) a value of a variable to another variable.
Syntax : variable name=expression (or) value (or) variable
Ex : x=10; y=a+b; z=p
Compound assignment operator:
C provides compound assignment operators to assign a value to variable in order to assign a new value to a variable after performing a specified operation.
Operator Example Meaning
+ = x + = y x=x+y
- = x - = y x=x-y
* = x * = y x=x*y
/ = x / = y x=x/y
% = x % = y X=x%y
Increment and Decrement Operators /Unary Operators:
Unary operators are having higher priority than the other operators. Unary operators, meaning they only operate on a single operand .
Increment Operator in C Programming
1. Increment operator is used to increment the current value of variable by adding integer 1.
2. Increment operator can be applied to only variables.
3. Increment operator is denoted by ++.
We have two types of increment operator i.e Pre-Increment and Post-Increment Operator.
Conditional Operator/ Ternary operator :
conditional operator checks the condition and executes the statement depending of the condition. A conditional operator is a ternary operator, that is, it works on 3 operands. Conditional operator consist of two symbols. 1 : question mark (?). 2 : colon ( : ).
Bitwise Operators:
Bitwise operators are used to manipulate the data at bit level. It operates on integers only. It may not be applied to float.In arithmetic-logic unit (which is within the CPU), mathematical operations like: addition, subtraction, multiplication and division are done in bit-level which makes processing faster and saves power. To perform bit-level operations in C programming, bitwise operators are used.
Operator Meaning
& Bitwise AND
| Bitwise OR
^ Bitwise XOR
< < Shift left
> > Shift right
~ One‟s complement
Special Operators :
1 ) Comma Operator :The comma operator is used to separate the statement elements such as variables, constants or expressions, and this operator is used to link the related expressions together, such expressions can be evaluated from left to right and the value of right most expressions is the value of combined expressions .
2 ) Sizeof Operator : The sizeof() is a unary operator, that returns the length in bytes o the specified variable, and it is very useful to find the bytes occupied by the specified variable in the memory.